National Red Data

ESSEX BOTANY AND MYCOLOGY GROUPS

National Red Data:

National Red Data Book Plants Recorded From Essex

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Lower Plants (scroll down for Vascular Plants)

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TAXA	NATIONAL STATUS	ESSEX STATUS
Stoneworts (Charophyta):
*Nitella gracilis*	Endangered	one old record, probably now extinct in Essex, or possibly misidentified instead of the more likely Nitella mucronata.
Mosses (Musci):
*Bryum knowltonii*	Vulnerable	probably extinct in Essex (Fingringhoe Wick), site scrubbed over.
*Tortula vahliana*	Lower risk	possibly extinct in Essex
*Zygodon forsteri*	Endangered	Epping Forest, 1 (142 colonies on 57 trees in 2004) of only 3 extant UK sites.
*Liverworts (Hepaticae):*
*Lophozia capitata*	Vulnerable	probably extinct in Essex (the only site now developed).
*Lophozia perssonii*	Lower risk	possibly now extinct in Essex (all sites now developed).
*Pallavicinia lyellii*	Vulnerable	probably extinct in Essex, exterminated in Epping Forest by hoggin laid on the site by the `Conservators’.
*Phaeoceros carolinianus*	Endangered	now extinct in Essex (site developed).

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Vascular Plants

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Key: now extinct in the wild in Britain Archaeophyte - alien established pre-1500

now extinct in Essex

still extant/recurrent in Essex Neophyte - alien established post 1500

*schedule 8 species Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981.

TAXON	ENGLISH NAME	National Status	Essex Status
*Adonis annua*	Pheasant’s eye	Vulnerable	former established arable archaeophyte, now extinct except as casual, one recent record, Gunpowder Works, Waltham Abbey.
*Agrostema githago*	Corncockle	Extinct in the wild	former established arable archaeophyte, now only wild flower seed casual.
*Ajuga chamaepitys*	*Ground pine	Vulnerable	extinct native, last record ??.
*Althaea hirsuta*	*Hairy mallow	Endangered	newly discovered single site, Arkesden, 1991., possibly native
*Anisantha madritensis*	Compact brome	Vulnerable	single casual record, Harwich date?
*Arabis glabra*	Tower mustard	Vulnerable	former native, now extinct, could recurr.
*Arnoceris minimus*	Lamb’s Succory	Extinct in the wild	former probable native, sandy arable fields, now extinct in Britain.
*Atriplex pedunculata*	Pedunculate Sea-purslane	Critically endangered	single site in Essex (post 1987) and UK, artificially established at 2^nd site but now lost (Natural England).
*Bromus interruptus*	Interrupted Brome	Extinct in the wild	endemic?, B. hordeaceous mutant?, or alien from unknown country, 3 old Essex records.
*Bupleurum falcatum*	*Sickle-leaved Hares-ear	Critically endangered	unique to Essex, only one site in UK, now extinct in the wild, reintroduced on special site, Norton Heath reserve
*Bupleurum rotundifolium*	Thorow-wax	Extinct in wild	former widespread arable, archaeophyte, now extinct in UK
*Centaurea calcitrapa*	Red Star-thistle	Vulnerable	rare casual, waste ground
*Centaurea cyanus*	Cornflower	Endangered	former widespread arable archeophyte in Essex, now sporadic from deep ploughing or wild flower seed sowings on verges.
*Chenopodium chenopodioides*	Saltmarsh Goosefoot	Near threatened	high proportion of U.K. population in Essex.
*Chenopodium vulvaria*	*Stinking Goosefoot	Vulnerable	probably native, 1 site near Tilbury, 1 recent casual record, Battlesbridge, frequent garden weed in Southend!
*Crepis foetida*	*Stinking Hawk’s-beard	Extinct in wild	former Essex plant, extinct in the wild in the U.K. – reintroduced, Dungeness
*Cynodon dactylon*	Bermuda Grass	Vulnerable	scattered alien sites inland, increasing , possibly native on the coast in Essex.
*Cynoglossum germanicum*	*Green Hound’s-tongue	Vulnerable	former Essex native, now extinct.
*Damasonium alisma*	*Starfruit	Endangered	former Essex native, now extinct.
*Dianthus armeria*	*Deptford Pink	Vulnerable	about five Essex sites still extant, `gardened at 2 sites’.
*Filago gallica*	Narrow-leaved Cudweed	Critically endangered	extinct in the wild in UK, reintroduced from Essex seed to old site at Berechurch
*Filago lutescens*	*Red-tipped Cudweed	Vulnerable	one extant site in Essex, Wrabness railway track margin
*Filago pyramidata*	*Broad-leaved Cudweed	Endangered	two adjacent extant sites in Essex, Grays. Arena Essex & Davy Down
*Galeopsis segetum*	Downy Hemp-nettle	Extinct	long since extinct in Essex
*Galium tricornutum*	Corn Cleavers	Critically endangered	probably overlooked in Essex, one record 1967?????
*Gastridium ventricosum*	Nit-grass	recently transferred to Nationally Scarce list (post RDB3)
*Geranium purpureum*	Little Robin	recently transferred to Nationally Scarce list (post RDB3)
*Gnaphalium luteoalbum*	*Jersey Cudweed	Critically endangered	now a common weed of brick on sand paving throughout Essex
*Herniaria glabra*	Smooth Rupturewort	Near threatened	former rlw line casual in Essex, casual Burnham 2016.
*Himantoglossum hircinicum*	*Lizard Orchid	Vulnerable	2 old records, 1939, one Black Notley 2015 and one Braintree 2019.
*Lactuca saligna*	*Least Lettuce	Endangered	one extant Essex site, large population at Fobbing, declining.
*Leucojum aestivum* ssp *.aestivum*	Summer Snowflake	Near threatened	only occurs as a garden escape in Essex.
*Limonium binervosum* ssp. *saxonicum*	‘Essex’Rock Sea Lavender	Near threatened	Essex endemic, c. 3-4 tiny populations. [probably not worth recognising as separate taxon].
*Lonicera xylosteum*	Fly Honeysuckle	Endangered	only non-native planted or bird sown populations in Essex
Lotus angustissimus	Slender Bird's-foot Trefoil	Near threatened	one site, Wharf Road Cemetery, Stanford le Hope.
*Ludwigia palustris*	Hampshire Purslane	error, the record from Epping Forest 1976 refers to a hybrid taxon
*Lythrum hyssopifolium*	*Grass-poly	Vulnerable	single record, arable, Barnston, 1964.
*Melampyrum arvense*	*Purple Cowheat	Endangered	long established archeophyte, now extinct in Essex.
*Mentha pulegeum*	*Penny Royal	Vulnerable	one new native site, Walthamstow, otherwise extinct since c.1960, occasional casual /escapes since
*Mibora minima*	Early Sand-grass	Near threatened	garden escape/casual in Essex only.
*Muscari neglectum*	Grape-hyacincth	Vulnerable	garden throwout/escape only in Essex
*Ophyrs sphegodes*	*Early Spider-orchid	Near threatened	formerly in Essex, now extinct
*Orchis militaris*	*Military Orchid	Vulnerable	formerly occurred at one site in Essex, now extinct.
*Otanthus maritimus*	Cottonweed	Extinct	extinct in Britain, formerly on sandy shore of Osea island, Gerrard 1597
*Peucedanum officinale*	Hogs Fennel	Near threatened	not really threatened, huge population in Essex around Hamford water.
*Phleum phleoides*	Purple-stem Cat’s-tail	Near threatened	formerly at Bartlow Hills, now extinct
*Poa infirma*	Early Meadow-grass	recently transferred to Nationally Scarce list, increasing in Essex.
*Polycarpon tetraphyllum*	Four-leaved Allseed	Near threatened	a casual on brick on sand paving at Aveley, and numerous places since.
*Pulicaria vulgaris*	*Small fleabane	Vulnerable	formerly widespread in Essex, now extinct, last record 1912, Norton Heath.
*Rubus pervalidus*	Bramble		endemic to Surrey & S. Essex.
*Rubus powellii*	Bramble		endemic to Epping Forest, nearly extinct
*Taraxacum beeftinici*	Dandelion		endemic to Essex saltmarshes.
*Tordylium maximum*	Hartwort	Endangered	now confined to Essex, 2 known sites.
*Valerianella rimosa*	Broad-fruited cornsalad	Critically endangered	extinct in Essex, one old record from Colchester.
*Veronica triphyllos*	*Fingered Speedwell	Endangered	extinct in Essex, one old record.