BSBI scarce

ESSEX BOTANY AND MYCOLOGY GROUPS

BSBI scarce:

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BSBI Scarce Plants Recorded From Essex.

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N.B. some of these taxa (list based on BSBI Scarce Plants, 1994) have now been given RDB status (see above), others however have been demoted from the RDB3 list to this list.

BLUE – detailed account RED – being compiled GREEN - Extinct

*Aceras anthropophorum* (L.) Aiton.f	Man Orchid	rare native, 3 extant sites, 2 sites have single plants, 1 has around eight hundred
*Aconitum napellus* L	Monkshood	garden escape only in Essex
[*Ajuga chamaepitys* (L.) Schreber]	Ground Pine	extinct [see RDB list].
*Allium oleraceum* L	Field Garlic	very local, only one recent record, Hadleigh Downs.
*Allium schoenoprasum* L	Chives	garden escape

*Alopecurus aequalis* Sobol	Orange Foxtail	local and sporadic, but Essex probably has more sites than any other county
*Alopecurus bulbosus* Gouan	Bulbous Foxtail	two old records, one recent – Roman River Valley
*Althaea officinalis* L.	Marsh Mallow	formerly widespread in our estuaries, now confined to Stour estuary , and declining
[*Apera interrupta* (L.) P.Beauv ]	Dense silky-bent	extinct ? [see RDB list].
*Apera spica-venti* (L.) P.Beauv	Loose silky-bent	archaeophyte, widespread, increasing, serious crop pest.
[*Arabis glabra* (L.) Bernh.]	Tower Mustard	native, extinct ? [see \|RDB list].
*Arum italicum* Mill	Italian lords-and-ladies
ssp. *neglectum* F.Towns		planted neophyte
ssp. *italicum*		planted neophyte
*Brassica oleracea* var. *oleracea*	Wild Cabbage	reverted escape from Cabbage crops only
*Bupleurum tenuissimum* L.	Slender hare's-ear	native, coastal, locally abundant. Difficult to spot until flowers in September.
*Callitriche truncata* ssp. *occidentalis* Guss	Short-leaved water-starwort	native, new to Essex and increasing, 5 recent records
*Campanula patula* L.	Spreading bellflower	native ? extinct
*Carex divisa* Hudson	Divided sedge	native, coastal, locally abundant
*Carex elata* All	Tufted-sedge	2 recent records, but now gone from one.
[*Carex elongata* L.]	Elongated sedge	former native in two sites, now extinct
*Centaurea cyanus* L.	Cornflower	sporadic archaeophyte [see also RDB list].
*Chenopodium* *chenopodioides* (L.) Aellen	Saltmarsh goosefoot	rare, but locally abundant, coastal [see also RDB list].
*Clinopodium calamintha* (L.) Stace	Lesser Calamint	local, largest U.K. population is in Essex.
*Crambe maritima* L.	Sea-kale	rare, coastal shingle, increasing but sporadic
*Crassula tillaea* Lester-Garl	Mossy Stonecrop	1 recently discovered site
*Cuscuta europaea* L.	Greater Dodder	upper Stour valley only
*Cyperus longus* L.	Galingale	planted/escaped, spreading rapidly
*Dianthus armeria* L	Deptford Pink	rare native [see also RDB list].
*Dianthus deltoides* L.	Maiden Pink	native? & casual
[*Eleocharis acicularis* (L.) Roemer & Schultes ]	Needle-spike rush	extinct?
*Epilobium lanceolatum* Seba st. & Mauri	Spear-leaved willowherb	rare, sporadic
*Epipactis phyllanthes* G.E./Sm.	Green-flowered helleborine	rare, sporadic, one persistent colony of c.12 plants in Grays Chalk Quarry
*Erodium moschatum* (L.) L’Her.	Musk stork’s-bill	spreading, alien?
*Euphorbia paralais* L.	Sea spurge	rare, coastal, but abundant on new artificial sand bars off \|Jaywick.
*Euphorbia platyphyllos* L.	Broad-leaved spurge	widespread/chalk/boulder clay
*Euphrasia pseudokerneri* Pugsley	Eyebright 8.	extinct? not seen recently.
*Fallopia dumatorum* (L.) Holub	Copse-bindweed	extinct? single old record.
*Festuca arenaria*	Rush-leaved fescue	coastal, rare
*Frankenia laevis* L.	Sea-heath	2 former Essex sites, now believed to be extinct.
*Fritillaria meleagris*	Fritillary	formerly widespread, probably introduced, extinct?
*Fumaria bastardii* Boreau	Tall, ramping-fumitory	sporadic
*Fumaria capreolata* L.	White ramping-fumitory	local, N E Essex
*Fumaria densiflora* DC.???	Dense-flowered fumitory	local, on the chalk of N W Essex
*Fumaria parviflora*	Fine-leaved fumitory	local on the chalk of N W Essex
[Fumaria purpurea Pugsley]	Purple ramping-fumitory	one old record, extinct
*Fumaria vaillantii* Lois.	Few-flowered fumitory	very local on chalk of north west Essex.
*Galeopsis angustifolia* Ehrh,. Ex Hoffm.	Red hemp-nettle	arable archaeophyte, not seen recently.
*Galium parisiense* L	Wall bedstraw	two sites now known at Saffron Walden
*Geranium purpureum*	Little Robin	recently established, railway lines Walthamstow and in Upminster
*Gnaphalium sylvaticum* L.	Heath Cudweed	last seen, Chalkney Wood, extinct?
*Helleborus foetidus* L.	Stinking Hellibore	only as garden escape in Essex
[Herminium monorchis (L.) R.Br.]	Musk orchid	extinct
*Hippophe rhamnoides* L.	Sea-buckthorn	coastal, probably introduced at its Essex sites
*Hordelymus europaeus* (L.) Jessen	Wood barley	3 extant sites known, probably overlooked in N W Essex
*Hordeum marimum* Hudson	Sea barley	common, coastal
*Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.*	Frog-bit	very local, sporadic
*Hyoscyamus niger* L	Henbane	local, on the chalk and coastal sands, sporadic casual on manure heaps.
*Hypochaeris glabra* L.	Smooth Cat’s-ear	now known fron sand quarry Orsett and from Alresford quarry
*Iberis amara* L.	Wild candytuft	introduced only in Essex
*Inula crithmoides* L	Golden-samphire	native, local, coastal
*Lathyrus aphaca* L.	Yellow vetchling	probably native, local
*Lathyrus japonicus* Willd.	Sea pea	very rare, 2 former sites, may be extinct.
*Lavateria arborea* L.	Tree mallow	introduced, coastal
*Lepidium latifolium* L.	Dittander	coastal and salted road verges, increasing
*Limonium binervosum* (G E Smith) Salmon	Rock sea-lavender	rare, coastal [see RDB list].
*Limonium humile*	Lax-flowered sea-lavender	local, coastal, tends to hybridize, decreasing
[Limosella aquatica L.]	Mudwort	former native, now extinct
*Linum perenne* L.	Perennial flax	extinct endemic native, single reintroduction site, nr. Stump Cross.
[Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub]		extinct native
*Marrubium vulgare* L.	White horehound	scattered along Thames valley, where possibly native
*Mecanopsis cambrica* (L. Viguier	Welsh poppy	garden escape only in Essex
*Medicago minima* (L.) L.	Bur medick	rare native, coastal, declining
*Medicago polymorpha* L.	Toothed medick	rare native/casual, coastal, declining
*Medicago sativa* L. subsp. *falcatum*	Sickle medick	possibly native on chalk along Thames valley, casual elsewhere
*Melampyrum cristatum* L.	Crested cow-wheat	woods/verges in N.W. Essex, declining, now extinct in S.Essex.
*Mentha pulegium* L.	Pennyroyal	Walthamstow Marshes, apparently native, extinct elsewhere except as casual [see RDB list].
*Minuartia hybrida* (Villars) Schischkin	Fine-leaved sandwort	former native, now probably extinct
*Moenchia erecta* (L.) Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb .	Upright chickweed	rare native, declining.
*Myosurus minimus* L	Mousetail	frequent, coastal
*Myriophyllum verticillatum* L.	Whorled-milfoil	very local, Epping Forest ponds, and formerly in upper R Stort
*Nymphoides peltata* Kuntze	Fringed water-lily	introduced, increasing and invasive forming smothering blankets
*Oenanthe pimpinelloides* L.	Corky-fruited water-dropwort	local, increasing rapidly, being spread by cutting machinery and green hay spreading
*Oenanthe sialifolia* M. Bieb	Narrow-lvd water-dropwort	extinct
*Orchis morio* L.	Green-winged orchid	local, declining, but very abundant on a few EWT reserves
*Orchis purpurea* Hudson	Lady orchid	one erroneous record see Orchis militaris
[Orchis ustulata L. ]	Burnt orchid	extinct
*Orobanche rapum-genistae* Thuill	Greater broomrape	extinct
*Papaver argemone* L.	Prickly poppy	locally frequent on chalk of N W Essex
*Papaver hybridum* L.	Rough poppy	locally frequent on chalk of N W Essex
*Parapholis incurva* (L.)C.E.Hubb	Curved hard-grass	rare, scattered, coastal habitats
*Parentucellia viscosa* (L.) Caruel	Yellow bartsia	1 new, and 1 old record
[Persicaria laxifolia (Weihe) Opiz ]	Tasteless water-pepper	extinct
*Persicaria minor* (Hudson) Opiz	Small water-pepper	sporadic, two recent reords
[Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench ]	Milk-parsley	extinct, one old record
[Pilularia globulifera L.]	Pillwort	extinct, one old record, probably planted
*Poa bulbosa* L.	Bulbous meadow-grass	coastal, overlooked
*Poa infirma* Kunth	Early meadow-grass	Southend area, widespread, 2001, rapidly spreading elsewhere (see also RDB3).
*Poa palustris* L.	Swamp meadow-grass	rare casual, not seen recently
*Polygonatum odoratum* (Miller) Druce	Angular Solomon’s-seal
*Polygonum oxyspermum* C.Meyer & Bunge et Ledeb	Ray’s knotgrass	very rare, coastal, but increasing on new sand bars at Jaywick
*Polygonum rurivagum* Jordan ex Boreau	Cornfield knotgrass	very local arable fields, doubtfully distinct
*Polypogon monspeliensis* (L.) Desf.	Annual beard-grass	very local coastal marshes, increasing ?
[Potamogeton compressus L. ]	Grass-wrack pondweed	extinct, 2 former sites
*Potamogeton friesii* Rupr	Flat-stalked pondweed	declining, 1 site only
[Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen ]	Long-stalked pondweed	extinct
*Potamogeton trichoides* Cham & Schldl	Hair-like pondweed	scattered, increasing
*Potentilla argentea* L	Hoary cinquefoil	scattered, declining
*Primula elatior* (L.) Hill	Oxlip	widespread in NW Essex, but declining
*Puccinellia fasciculata* (Torrey) E.Bickn.	Borrer’s saltmarsh-grass	widespread coastal in Essex
*Puccinellia rupestris* (With.) Fern. & Weath.	Stiff saltmarsh-grass	very scattered, coastal in Essex, only a small number of sites but can be abundant
[*Pulsatilla vulgaris* Miller]	Pasqueflower	extinct
*Pyrrola rotundifolia* L. subsp. *rotundifolia*	Round-leaved wintergreen	local chalk/gravel pits in Essex, spreading rapidly
*Ranunculus arvensis* L.	Corn buttercup	archaeophyte, once common, now only as deep buried seed
*Ranunculus baudotii* Godron	Brackish water-crowfoot	coastal borrow dykes, over recorded for hybrids
*Ranunculus parviflorus* L.	Small-flowered buttercup	thermophile, decreasing, very local
*Rumex maritimus* L.	Golden dock	plentiful, coastal strip.
*Rumex palustris* Smith	Marsh dock	local, mainly coastal
*Ruppia cirrhosa* (Pentagna) Grande	Spiral tassleweed	local, coastal borrow dykes
*Salicornia pusilla* J.Woods	One-flowered glasswort	local, upper saltmarsh
*Sarcocornia perennis* (Miller) A.J.Scott	Perennial glasswort	widespread, coastal, appears to be increasing
*Scandix pectin- veneris* L.	Shepherd’s-needle	archaeophyte, sporadic, but not infrequent
*Scilla autumnalis* L.	Autumn squill	native, 2 Essex sites
[*Scophularia umbrosa* Dumort]	Green figwort	1 former site, now extinct
*Sedum forsterianum* Smith	Rock stonecrop	as introduction only
*Silene conica* L.	Sand catchfly	casual/one possible native site now gone?
*Silene gallica* L	Small-flowered catchfly	one last site
*Silene noctiflora* L.	Night-flowering catchfly	decreasing, scattered remnants, formerly widespread, arable.
*Silene nutans* L.	Nottingham catchfly	rare casual only
*Sium latifolium* L.	Greater water-parsnip	recorded by Gibson (1862), probably in error
*Sonchus palustris* L.	Marsh sow-thistle	rare casual plus 1 introduced site
*Spartina maritima* (Curtis) Fern.	Small cord-grass	rare, but locally abundant
*Stratiotes aloides* L.	Water-soldier	introduced aquatic, invasive
*Sueda vera* Forsskal ex J.Gmelin	Shrubby sea-blight	widespread shoreline & sea walls in NE of the county
[Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) ex Br.]	Shepherd’s cress	extinct
[*Tephroseris integrefolia* (L.) Holub subsp. *integrifolia*]	Field fleawort	extinct
*Thelypteris palustris* Schott	Marsh fern	rare, native & introduced
[*Thesium humifusum* DC.]	Bastard-toadflax	extinct
*Tilia platyphyllos* Scop.	Large-leaved lime	planted only, but widespread
*Torilis arvensis* (Hudson) Link	Spreading hedge-parsley	very rare, sporadic, arable land
*Trifolium glomeratum* L.	Clustered clover	c. 6 remaining sites
*Trifolium ochroleucon* Hudson	Sulphur clover	widespread on chalky boulder clay, declining
*Trifolium ornithopioides* L.	Bird’s-foot clover	scattered, coastal
*Trifolium squamosum* L.	Sea clover	coastal, locally very abundant, disappears by the end of June
*Trifolium suffocatum* L.	Suffocated clover	single site, Shoebury ranges
*Ulex minor* Roth	Dwarf gorse	declining, only 3 extant sites
*Ulmus plotti* Druce	Plot’s elm	1 record from Terling (Rackham)
*Valerianella dentata* (L.) Pollich	Narrow-fruited cornsalad	very rare, north-west chalk, on verge of extinction
*Verbascum lychnitis* L.	White mullein	introduced, Warley Place, one other recent record
*Verbascum pulverulentum* Villars	Hoary mullein	casual at a few sites nr Colchester
*Virbascum virgatum* Stokes	Twiggy mullein	casual, 1 recent verge record
*Vicia bithynica* (L.)	Bithynian vetch	Thames foothills (declining), & Frinton-Walton cliffs (increasing)
*Vicia lutea* L.	Yellow-vetch	native (coast) & casual (inland)
*Vicia parviflora* Cav.	Slender tare	rare native/casual
*Vulpia ciliata* Dumort. subsp. *ambigua* (Le Gall) Stace & Auq.	Bearded fescue	locally abundant Shoebury.
*Vulpia fasciculata* (Forsskal) Fritsch	Dune fescue	very rare, scattered, coastal sands
[Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimmer]	Rootless duckweed	currently absent
*Zostera angustifolia* [Hornem.] Reichb.	Narrow-leaved eelgrass	very local, declining
*Zostera marina* L.	Eel-grass	rare, declining
*Zostera noltei* Hornem.	Drawf eel-grass	very local